Researchers from the US DOE Brookhaven National Laboratory, together with Northrop Grumman, have found a way to maintain valley polarization at room temperature using novel materials and techniques. 

The researchers used a chiral lead halide perovskite material (R/S-NEAPbI3). The researchers layered 500 nanometer thick flakes onto a monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), to create what is known as a heterostructure. Using a linearly polarized laser to excite the heterostructure the researchers fabricated and then measured the light that was emitted from the molybdenum disulfide TMD using a confocal microscope. They have discovered that the new material is promising for valletronics applications.

Researchers from CNRS in France demonstrated that Platinum diselenide (PtSe₂) is a promising 2D material for a terahertz (THz) range valleytronics device.

The researchers explain that PtSe₂ is promising as, unlike other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), its bandgap can be uniquely tuned from a semiconductor in the near-infrared to a semimetal with the number of atomic layers. This gives the material unique THz photonic properties that can be layer-engineered. In this research, the main demonstration was that a controlled THz nonlinearity - tuned from monolayer to bulk - can be realized in wafer size polycrystalline through the generation of ultrafast photocurrents and the engineering of the bandstructure valleys. 

An international team of scientists led by a group at the University of St Andrews and the University of Manchester, report on a giant valley-selective Ising coupling in the surface layer of an intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide, V_1/3NbS₂.

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, the researchers proved the surface electronic structure of the semimetal. The researchers discovered an alternating pattern of enhancement and quenching of valley-spin polarization of the host NbS2 layers due to the intercalated Vanadium ions, equivalent to the application of a 250 T magnetic field. The researchers say that this is a major step forward in valleytronics, opening up new opportunities for the development of advanced electronic devices.

Researchers from China's Tsinghua University developed a novel material, made from a stack of 2D materials, that offers interlayer excitons, useful for valleytronics applications.

The new material is a trilayer TMD heterostructure, composed of molybdenum and sulfur, molybdenum and selenium, and tungsten and selenium. Using photoluminescence spectroscopy, the researchers confirmed the presence of interlayer excitons and described various properties and requirements of the phenomenon.

Researchers from the National University of Singapore researchers have developed an approach to account for the effect of dynamical electron-electron interactions when predicting the energy levels in valleytronic materials in the presence of a magnetic field.

The researchers predicted that Landau levels belonging to different valleys in a two-dimensional (2D) valleytronic material, monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe₂), can be aligned at a critical magnetic field. The alignment of distinct entities, such as two laser beams, or two pillars, is a common goal in many fields of science and engineering. In the more exotic world of quantum mechanics, the alignment of quantized electronic levels can enable the creation of particles called pseudo-spinors that are useful for quantum computing applications.

Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay) have proposed a device structure for a valley polariser which is robust, all-electrical, and can be seamlessly integrated with modern electronics. The device can be fabricated using existing fabrication techniques.

The device is based on 2D-Xene materials. A single-layer of 2-D Xene is used as the charge carrying channel. A terminal called a gate controls the electric current flowing through the channel, similar to how a gate controls the current in the modern transistor design. The gate structure, which is also used to create the valley separation, sandwiches the 2-D Xene ribbon.

Researchers from Rice University suggest that growing graphene sheets on curved surface may be a useful technique to create valleytronics devices.

The peaks and valleys in the resulting "deformed" graphene sheet would create channels that will feature small magnetic fields. It will also be a way to achieve a Hall Effect, useful for valleytronics devices.

Researchers from the University of Oldenburg, managed to create a three-atoms-thick structure that emits laser-like light, at room temperature, for the first time. The researchers believe that coherent light emission from ultathin crystals could enable valleytronics devices in the future.

To create the light, the researchers used exciton-polaritons particles, formed from the strong interaction between confined photons and electrons. The structure itself is made from a single-layer of a WSe₂ crystal, that sits on top of a hBN 2D layer. The idea is that the exciton-polaritons are created in a trap in the WSe₂ and then captured and reflected by two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) that act as mirrors.

Researchers from Germany (Max-Born Institute) and India (IIT Bombay) have shown that it is possible to realize a valleytronics device in pristine graphene.

Graphene (and other graphene-like systems) feature an extra degree of electron freedom, or valley pseudo-spin. This has interesting potential in valleytronics applications, but the implementation of valleytronics ideas has been so far limited to gapped graphene-like semiconducting 2D materials, most commonly transition metal dichalcogenides, and has never been attempted in pristine graphene, because graphene monolayers have zero bandgap, zero Berry curvature, and thus nearly identical valleys,.

Scientists from several research institutes in Germany and the UK have demonstrated that few-cycle linearly polarized pulses can induce a high degree of valley polarization.

The mechanism to induce such polarization does not rely on the optical selection rules, and therefore can be in principle used in inversion symmetric materials, such as TMD bilayers or graphene. This could enable the design of ultrafast valleytronic devices.